目的　探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像特点及鉴别诊断。方法　 30例手术标本 ,经病理证实的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤 ,术前均行CT和超声检查 ,MRI检查者 5例。结果　CT示肿瘤呈圆形或椭圆形 ,分界清楚 ,密度不均或均匀 ,脂肪呈点、片或网格状分布于瘤体中央或边缘 ,部分病例有尖嘴征。超声表现为高或等回声。结论　CT、超声对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤有特征性诊断价值 ,对少脂肪或无脂肪者 ,应做CT薄层高分辨率平扫和增强扫描 Objective To investigate the imaging features and differential diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma. Methods Thirty surgical specimens of pathologically confirmed renal angiomyolipoma were preoperatively performed with CT and ultrasonography. Five patients were examined by MRI. Results The CT showed that the tumor was round or elliptical, with clear boundaries, uneven density, or even distribution of fat in spots, patches, or grids in the center or edge of the tumor. In some cases, there was a sharp tip. Ultrasound showed high or equal echo. Conclusion CT and ultrasonography have characteristic diagnostic value for renal angiomyolipoma. For those with less fat or no fat, CT thin-layer high-resolution plain scan and enhanced scan should be done.