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目的掌握全国口岸及边境线鼠类种类及分布特征。方法 2014—2015年,采用行业标准的监测方法,在全国34个直属出入境检验检疫局244个口岸及相邻边境线开展鼠类监测,分析捕获鼠类种类及其携带鼠疫菌、汉坦病毒和伯氏疏螺旋体情况。结果共捕获鼠类9 145只,分属4目7科28属55种,其中褐家鼠、臭鼩鼱、黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠及小家鼠捕获数量较多,捕获比例分别为30%、15%、15%、14%和8%。陆路口岸共捕获38种鼠类,鼠种丰富度最高,空港和港口口岸分别捕获19种和20种,鼠种丰富度相对较低。共有10个直属出入境检验检疫局47个口岸在159只鼠类检测到汉坦病毒核酸,以褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠和小家鼠较多;2个直属出入境检验检疫局在2只鼠类中检测到伯氏疏螺旋体;未检测到鼠疫菌。结论应根据口岸类型、鼠种丰富度及不同优势种确定口岸鼠类监测的重点,提高监测的针对性和有效性。
Objective To understand the types and distribution characteristics of rodents in China’s ports and border areas. Methods From 2014 to 2015, using industry-standard monitoring methods, rodents were monitored at 244 ports of entry-exit and exit inspection and quarantine administrations directly under the country and adjacent borders. The capture of rodent species and their entrapment with Yersinia pestis, Hantaan virus And Borrelia burgdorferi. Results A total of 9 145 rodents were captured, belonging to 4 orders, 7 families and 28 genera and 55 species. Among them, the number of captured Rattus norvegicus, Acipenser sibiricus, Apodemus agrarius, Rattus flavipectus and Mus musculus were significantly higher 30%, 15%, 15%, 14% and 8%. Thirty-eight species of rodents were captured at land-crossings, with the highest species abundance. 19 species and 20 species were captured at airports and ports, respectively, with relatively low species richness. A total of 10 Exit Inspection and Quarantine directly under the 47 ports in 159 rodents detected hantavirus nucleic acid to Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus, Rattus flavipectus and Mus musculus more; two immigrants directly under the immigration The Quarantine Bureau detected Borrelia burgdorferi in two rats; Yersinia pestis was not detected. Conclusion The focus of monitoring of port rodents should be determined according to port type, species richness and different dominant species so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of monitoring.