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尿液可能是最便于采取的生物材料,它可用于偶尔或反复监测。与其他许多生物材料相比,尿液的优点之一是可以大量获得(100ml)。除了测定尿中金属浓度所涉及的分析问题外,贯穿于尿金属监测的两个主要问题是:(1)采样与贮存;(2)尿样稀释度的调整。一、采样与贮存和所有其他生物监测一样,获得未被污染的尿样极为重要。为排除外源性金属的污染,建议采取特殊的清洗措施并使用不含金属的聚乙烯容器。基于同样的理由,提供尿样的人需先洗手,有时还需先洗澡再排入容器内。如果在工厂取尿样,这些措施就更为重要。在指头或手上带有100μg的金属常为肉眼所看不见,
Urine may be the easiest biomaterial to take and it can be used for occasional or repeated monitoring. One of the advantages of urine compared to many other biological materials is that it is available in large quantities (100 ml). In addition to the analytical issues involved in the determination of urinary metal concentrations, two major problems throughout the monitoring of urinary metals are: (1) sampling and storage; and (2) dilution of urine samples. First, Sampling and Storage As with all other biological monitoring, it is of paramount importance to obtain an uncontaminated urine sample. In order to eliminate the contamination of exogenous metals, special cleaning measures and the use of metal-free polyethylene containers are recommended. For the same reason, people who provide urine samples need to wash their hands first, and sometimes they need to take a shower before they are discharged into the container. These measures are even more important if urine samples are taken at the factory. In the finger or hand with 100μg of metal often invisible to the naked eye,