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目的为膝横型径路治疗半月板损伤提供必要的人体结构基本数据。方法 50膝成人下肢标本,取膝屈曲90°~100°,模拟膝横型手术径路,解剖观测横型径路切口及相关主要结构。结果内侧横型径路切口长(55.64±9.82)mm,外侧横型径路切口长(54.82±8.42)mm;隐神经髌下支是内侧模型径路术中易损伤结构,其跨越内侧横型径路处呈宽扁形,宽(1.24±0.38)mm,厚(0.44±0.58)mm,距髌韧带内侧缘(38.42±1.24)mm;膝上、下内侧动脉,膝上、下外侧动脉及胫前返动脉是主要相关血管,穿出深筋膜后在径路上、下方吻合成膝周血管网。结论横型径路切口小,远离较大重要血管,解剖层次结构简单,单一横型径路即可充分显露半月板;术中有效视野广,操作安全有效。
The purpose of knee horizontal path for the treatment of meniscal damage to provide the necessary basic data of human body structure. Methods Fifty knees of adult lower extremity specimens were flexed by 90 ° -100 ° knees. The horizontal knee incision was simulated and the main structures were observed. Results The medial transverse path incision was 55.64 ± 9.82 mm in length and the lateral transverse path incision was 54.82 ± 8.42 mm in length. The inferior patellar branch of the saphenous nerve was a vulnerable structure in the medial approach and was wide and flat across the medial transverse path. Width (1.24 ± 0.38) mm, thickness (0.44 ± 0.58) mm, and the medial margin of the patellar ligament (38.42 ± 1.24) mm. The medial and lateral superior and medial arteries of the knee, inferior posterolateral artery, , After piercing the deep fascia on the track, below the anastomosis into the knee vascular network. Conclusions The transverse incision is small and far away from the larger important blood vessels. The anatomical structure is simple and the single transverse path can fully expose the meniscus. The effective visual field is wide and the operation is safe and effective.