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目的了解西宁市城西区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病情况及发病的危险因素,为儿童哮喘的防治提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,从西宁市城西区的2所中学、2所小学、2所幼儿园和4个社区中筛查0~14岁儿童哮喘病例,采用1∶1病例对照研究法分析儿童哮喘的危险因素。结果西宁市儿童哮喘患病率为1.25%,年龄分布以3~5岁较为集中,占患病人数的28.57%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示家族遗传史(OR=3.442,95%CI=1.299~9.121)、食物过敏(OR=6.366,95%CI=1.146~35.353)、过敏性鼻炎(OR=7.750,95%CI=2.738~21.937)是儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。结论西宁市儿童哮喘患病率不高。家族史和过敏史是儿童哮喘发病的独立危险因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 years in West of Chengxi, Xining, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of childhood asthma. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to screen asthma in children aged 0-14 years from 2 secondary schools, 2 primary schools, 2 kindergartens and 4 communities in Chengxi District of Xining City. A 1: 1 case-control study Analysis of risk factors for childhood asthma. Results The prevalence of childhood asthma in Xining City was 1.25%. The age distribution was more concentrated in 3 ~ 5 years old, accounting for 28.57% of the total number of patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family history (OR = 3.442, 95% CI = 1.299-9.121), food allergy (OR = 6.366,95% CI = 1.146-35.353), allergic rhinitis (OR = 7.750,95% CI = 2.738 ~ 21.937) were independent risk factors for childhood asthma (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of childhood asthma in Xining is not high. Family history and history of allergy are independent risk factors for childhood asthma.