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近代以来,对孔子“仁”的理解多使用分析和逻辑推理的方法,总体说是必要的,但对于深入了解孔子言说的意义仍嫌不够。本文试图以孔子说“仁”为实例,分析认识其基本内涵,并由此揭示孔子言说方式的基本特征。本文认为,孔子关于“仁”的论说虽有分析的余地,但本质上还是象征性言说。作为象征性言说的仁,虽可理解为忠恕、亲亲为始的仁民爱物原则,或理解为一切全德的总和,但仍只是对人类基本处境的一种述说,其难言的一面与宗教宣道式言说一样,永恒存在。孔子言说的实质,在于将普遍宏大关涉人类基本处境的问题以每个人熟悉的方式加以提示,从而启发人的智慧。
In modern times, the method of analyzing and reasoning more about the understanding of Confucius and “benevolence” is generally necessary. However, it is not enough for us to understand the meaning of Confucius. This paper tries to analyze and understand the basic connotation of Confucius by using “Ren” as an example, and reveal the basic characteristics of the way of speech of Confucius. This paper argues that although there is room for analysis in Confucius’ argument about “Ren ”, it is essentially symbolic. Although the kernel of symbolic speech can be understood as the principle of benevolence and love as loyalty and forgiveness and as a kiss, or as the sum of all moral values, it is still only a kind of account of the basic situation of mankind. Its unspeakable side Like religious preaching, it exists forever. The essence of what Confucius said is that it is to inspire people’s wisdom by reminding each person of the general macro-level questions concerning the basic situation of human beings.