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1、基本概念问题的提起所谓文明（化）：（1）从广义上说指的是人类发展的更高级阶段（取代野蛮阶段）；（2）从较为狭义上说指的是人和国家的某种稳定的社会文化共同性，这种共同性即使在内在变化和外在影响下也能在很长的历史时间段里保持自己的独特性和完整性。“文明”一词
1, mention the basic concept of the so-called civilized (): (1) Broadly speaking refers to the higher stage of human development (instead of barbarism); (2) Narrowly speaking refers to the people and countries Some kind of stable social-cultural commonality that maintains its own uniqueness and completeness over a long historical period, even with internal and external influences. The word “civilization.”