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目的 分析退役战斗机飞行员老年期心脏形态学现状,探讨空中高载荷以及缺氧、温度、噪声和振动等飞行环境因素和座舱因素的复合作用对战斗机飞行员心血管形态结构的可能影响程度,为高空生理的防护研究提供临床依据。方法应用彩色多普勒超声心动图对40名男性老年期(>60岁)退役战斗机飞行员(飞行员组)与40名年龄、性别及心脏健康状况相匹配的地面老干部(对照组)进行心脏组织形态结构指标以及临床相关指标的对比分析。结果 飞行员组在左心室舒张及收缩末期内径、左房内径、左室舒张末期容积、左室后壁厚度和左室重量值略高于对照组;室间隔厚度、左室重量指数值略低于对照组,两组间比较差异无显著性意义。左室收缩末期容积、主动脉瓣口面积及窦部、环部内径高于对照组,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论 战斗机飞行员由于逐渐的空中适应及规范的地面体能锻炼,进入老年期后心脏结构的相应改变除老龄化因素外,更类似长期接受强体能训练的运动员心脏改变特点,目前心血管代偿能力和生活质量均保持良好。
Objective To analyze the current situation of senile cardiac morphology in decommissioned fighter pilots and to explore the possible influence of high altitude loads and the combination of flight environment factors such as hypoxia, temperature, noise and vibration and cockpit factors on the cardiovascular structure of fighter pilots. Of the protective research to provide a clinical basis. Methods Color Doppler echocardiography was performed on 40 old veterans (> 60 years old) pilot fighter pilots (pilots group) and 40 old veterans (control group) matched with age, gender and heart health status. Structural indicators and clinical indicators of comparative analysis. Results The left ventricular diastolic and systolic left ventricular diameter, left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass were slightly higher in the pilot group than those in the control group. The interventricular septum thickness and LV mass index were slightly lower The control group, no significant difference between the two groups. Left ventricular end-systolic volume, aortic valve area and sinus, ring diameter than the control group, the difference between the two groups was significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Fighter pilots due to gradual adaptation to the air and regulate the physical exercise on the ground, into the corresponding changes in heart structure after aging, in addition to aging factors, more similar to the long-term physical fitness training athletes to change the characteristics of the heart, the current cardiovascular compensatory capacity and Quality of life is maintained.