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肿瘤微环境对肿瘤的发生、发展具有重要的意义。选择性表达于肿瘤微环境重要组成部分——肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(carcinoma associated fibroblasts,CAFs)表面的成纤维细胞激活蛋白α(fibroblast activation protein-α,FAPα)广泛参与了肿瘤的生长、侵袭、转移以及肿瘤细胞外基质重建、血管生成、免疫逃逸等过程,从而促进了肿瘤的发展进程。FAPα具有蛋白水解酶活性,并作用于细胞信号通路,但FAPα在肿瘤微环境中发挥功能的具体分子机制还有待进一步研究。由于FAPα的表达具有肿瘤组织特异性,因此,以FAPα作为肿瘤基质标志物,对肿瘤进行病理诊断和免疫治疗将成为新兴的研究靶点。对FAPα的主要生物学性状进行概述,并综述了其对肿瘤细胞的生长、侵袭、转移以及肿瘤细胞外基质重建、血管生成、免疫逃逸等方面的重要影响。
Tumor microenvironment has important significance for the occurrence and development of tumors. Fibroblasts activation protein-α (FAPα), which is selectively expressed on the surface of tumor associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which is an important component of tumor microenvironment, is widely involved in tumor growth, invasion, Metastasis and tumor extracellular matrix reconstruction, angiogenesis, immune escape and other processes, thus contributing to the development of the tumor. FAPα has proteolytic activity and acts on cell signaling pathways, but the specific molecular mechanism of FAPα functioning in tumor microenvironment needs further study. Because of the tumor tissue specificity of FAPα expression, pathological diagnosis and immunotherapy of tumor with FAPα as tumor matrix markers will become an emerging research target. The main biological characters of FAPαwere summarized and their important effects on the growth, invasion, metastasis of tumor cells and the reconstruction of tumor extracellular matrix, angiogenesis and immune escape were summarized.