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随着我国与国际大市场的不断融合,同别国在贸易市场上的摩擦也日益频繁,其中以反倾销为名的诉讼就不胜枚举,导致这一结果的原因很大程度是我国产品的低价格。去年我国出口鞋38亿双,但平均出口价格才7美元。低廉的劳动力成本,是造成产品低价格的很重要的因素。一直以来,低劳动力成本是我国诸如制鞋业这样的劳动密集型产业参与国际竞争的优势。比如在美国市场,我国鞋类产品占其进口市场的60%,但金额只占40%,每双鞋平均价格只有7.1美元,仅是意大利鞋(每双平均23.8美元)的1/3。随着我国经济结构的调整,农村剩余劳动力向城市转移所产生的就业压力使企业的低劳动力成本不会在短期内有很大改变,就此而言,劳动力的比较优势就还会持续。然而企业不应盲目乐观,今年初的“工荒”就已经给很多企业上了很好的一课。而以保护劳工权益为核心内容的 SA8000标准在今年5月1日起强制实施,又是横亘在企业面前的一道新的门槛。所以在内部因素和外部环境的双重作用下,如何使企业从劳动力的比较优势向技术比较优势转化是企业管理者应考虑的新课题。
With the continuous integration of our country with the international market, the friction with other countries in the trade market has become increasingly frequent. Among them, the lawsuits in the name of anti-dumping are numerous and numerous. The reasons leading to this result are largely the low level of our products price. Last year, China exported 3.8 billion pairs of shoes, but the average export price was only US $ 7. Low labor cost is a very important factor in the low prices of products. All along, low labor costs are the advantages of China’s labor-intensive industries such as the footwear industry in participating in international competition. For example, in the US market, China’s footwear accounts for 60% of its import market, but only accounts for 40% of the total. The average price per pair of shoes is only 7.1 U.S. dollars, only 1/3 of that of Italian shoes (23.8 U.S. dollars per pair). With the adjustment of the economic structure in our country, the employment pressure generated by the transfer of rural surplus labor to cities will make it impossible for the low labor costs of the enterprises to change greatly in the short term. In this regard, the comparative advantage of the labor force will continue. However, businesses should not be blindly optimistic. Earlier this year, “labor shortage” has given many companies a good lesson. The SA8000 standard with the protection of labor rights as the core content is enforced on May 1 this year and is a new threshold that runs through the enterprise. Therefore, under the double effect of internal factors and external environment, how to make enterprises transform from the comparative advantage of labor force to the comparative advantage of technology is a new topic that enterprise managers should consider.