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自从 John Madey向世界证实用一种新方法从电子产生光以来 ,已有 2 5年。相对论电子束与扭摆磁场间相互作用的特殊性质使自由电子激光具有宽广的可调谐性、高的光谱亮度和高效率。世界各国建立的自由电子激光装置 ,已经覆盖从毫米波至真空紫外的光谱范围。最近 2 0年自由电子激光的科学和技术迅速发展。以当今世界存在的数十台用户装置为代表 ,可能对其他领域的科学家询问使用自由电子激光的问题给出明确的回答。本文对自由电子激光设备的研究状态做简要介绍 ,按其复杂程度、可靠度和这种新工具的性能潜力等方面评述自由电子激光在光化学领域中的应用。自由电子激光引人注目的性质已经在各种应用中得到证实 ,如红外多光子化学、激光分离同位素、气体和吸附态的振动光谱学和化学动力学。我们还巡视自由电子激光在工业方面的各种应用 ,特别是在核工程方面的应用。在下个世纪 ,自由电子激光装置会更加紧凑和经济 ,预期自由电子激光将广泛应用到高技术工业。用比目前使用的高 5个数量级的超高亮度电子束 ,从远红外到真空紫外波段可能建成新型紧凑的切伦科夫型和汤姆逊型自由电子激光器。目前 ,在这个领域中存在很多激动人心的问题 ,如果获得解决 ,则用自由电子激光作选择性化学可能成为科学世界的革命。
It has been 25 years since John Madey confirmed to the world that a new method has been used to produce light from electrons. The special nature of the interaction between relativistic electron beams and wobble fields makes the free electron lasers broadly tunable, with high spectral brightness and high efficiency. Free-electron laser devices built around the world have covered the spectral range from millimeter waves to vacuum ultraviolet. The science and technology of free electron laser have been developing rapidly in recent 20 years. Representatives of dozens of user devices in today’s world may give clear answers to questions from scientists in other fields asking about the use of free-electron lasers. This article briefly introduces the research status of free electron laser equipment and reviews the application of free electron laser in the field of photochemistry according to its complexity, reliability and the potential of this new tool. The compelling nature of free-electron lasers has been demonstrated in applications such as infrared multiphoton chemistry, laser-separated isotopes, vibrational spectroscopy and chemical kinetics of gas and adsorbed states. We also inspect the various industrial applications of free electron lasers, especially in nuclear engineering. In the next century, free electron laser devices will be more compact and economical, free electron laser is expected to be widely used in high-tech industries. It is possible to build new compact Cherenkov and Thomson-type free-electron lasers from the far-infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet band at higher orders of magnitude than currently used ultra-bright electron beams. At present, there are many exciting issues in this field, and if solved, using free electron lasers as selective chemistry may become a revolution in the scientific world.