目的了解铁路行业女职工生殖健康状况,探讨生殖健康对心理健康影响的危险因素,为制定铁路行业女职工劳动保护规定提供科学参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取济南、南宁、青藏、武汉铁路系统女职工作为研究人群,采用统一编制调查表,用Epidata3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS22.0软件进行统计处理。结果铁路女职工常见妇科疾病患病率为28.5%,发病前两位的是子宫肌瘤、阴道炎,主要发病年龄36~45岁;月经异常率20.4%,主要表现为经量异常和周期紊乱。单因素分析发现,阴道炎、外阴瘙痒和白带增多与心理健康问题有关。多因素Logistic分析发现,月经异常以及外阴瘙痒或白带增多是影响心理健康的生殖道疾患危险因素。结论建议采取积极有效的健康促进措施,增强铁路女工的自我保健意识和技能,及早治愈生殖系统疾病;同时,采取心理干预措施,减轻心理压力,缓解职业紧张。 Objective To understand the reproductive health status of female workers in the railway industry and explore the risk factors of reproductive health on mental health and to provide scientific reference for the formulation of labor protection regulations for female workers in the railway industry. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select women workers in Jinan, Nanning, Qinghai-Tibet and Wuhan railway systems as research population. A unified questionnaire was compiled and a database was constructed with Epidata 3.1 software. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of common gynecological diseases among female workers in railway was 28.5%. The first two cases were uterine fibroids and vaginitis. The main pathogenesis was 36-45 years old. The abnormality rate of menstruation was 20.4%. The main manifestations were abnormal menstruation and periodic disorders . Univariate analysis found that vaginitis, genital itching and increased vaginal discharge and mental health problems. Multivariate Logistic analysis found that abnormal menstruation and genital itching or leucorrhea increased mental health affect reproductive tract disease risk factors. Conclusions It is suggested to adopt active and effective health promotion measures to enhance the awareness and skills of railway women workers in self-care and cure diseases of reproductive system as early as possible. At the same time, psychological interventions should be taken to reduce psychological stress and ease occupational stress.