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目的详细了解娄底市麻疹流行情况及其流行病学特征,为有效控制麻疹提供科学依据供各级领导和专业人员参考。方法全部资料录入或导入MS-Excel进行统计并作图,比较分析用SPSS 13.0版完成。结果1978~2005年共报告麻疹31 963例,年均发病率31.18/10万,历年发病率与接种率呈明显负相关(r=-0.802,P<0.01)。发病从高到低后回升,可分为3个时段,年均发病率分别为95.94/10万、4.06/10万和9.66/10万,各时段各县市区发病率差异极其显著(χ2=54 636.36,P<0.000 1)。整个发病趋势第1时段形成3个高峰之后,1987~2000年一路走低,其中1993~1994年形成一个低谷,至2004年再度形成一个相对高峰。共报告麻疹死亡76例,病死率0.24%。1991~2005年整个发病季节集中在3~6月,但在2004年回升高发时发病高峰在2~4月。2001~2005年麻疹发病数男女性别比为1.94∶1,年龄分布最小23日,最大60岁,5岁以下儿童占56.89%,散居儿童发病数占总数的53.87%,其发病率与幼托儿童和学生比较有统计学意义(χ2=921.46,P<0.000 1)。结论娄底市麻疹发病率总体下降89.93%,但近年有上升趋势,上升原因主要为计划免疫滑坡,存在免疫空白人群。
Objective To learn more about the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of measles in Loudi City and provide a scientific basis for effective control of measles for reference by leaders and professionals at all levels. Methods All data entry or import MS-Excel for statistics and mapping, comparative analysis completed with SPSS version 13.0. Results A total of 31 963 measles cases were reported from 1978 to 2005, with an average annual incidence of 31.18 / 100 000. There was a significant negative correlation between the incidence and the vaccination rate over the years (r = -0.802, P <0.01). The incidence rose from high to low, can be divided into three periods, the average annual incidence rates were 95.94 / 100000, 4.06 / 100000 and 9.66 / 100000, the incidence of each county in each period was significantly different (χ2 = 54 636.36, P <0.000 1). After three peaks were formed in the first period of disease trend, all the way down from 1987 to 2000, of which a trough was formed from 1993 to 1994 and again reached a relative peak in 2004. A total of 76 cases of measles deaths were reported with a case fatality rate of 0.24%. The whole season of onset was concentrated from March to June in 1991 ~ 2005, but peaked from February to April when the disease returned to high in 2004. The incidence of measles between 2001 and 2005 was 1.94:1, with the smallest age distribution of 23 days, the largest of 60 years old, 56.89% of children under 5 years old, and the incidence of scattered children accounting for 53.87% of the total. The incidence rate was similar to that of kindergarten children And students were statistically significant (χ2 = 921.46, P <0.0001). Conclusion The incidence of measles in Loudi City dropped by 89.93% overall, but the trend of increase in recent years is mainly due to the planned immunodeficiency and immune blank population.