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受法律传统影响,俄罗斯技术侦查的法治化进程较之欧洲其他法治发达国家明显滞后得多。自2002年起,《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》历经多次修订和增补,其中最为重要的是在第58号法律中增订的186条下规定了司法监听这一技术侦查措施。至此,俄罗斯侦查机关实施司法监听行为具备了法律上的依据。俄罗斯司法监听制度秉承并借鉴了大多数法治国家的选择,构建了司法监听的程序性制裁机制,加强了司法审查力度。对俄罗斯司法监听法治化演进的历史轨迹进行考察,总结其中具有普适性的现代法治规则,有助于对我国技术侦查措施诉讼化问题的研究提供参考与借鉴。
Affected by the legal tradition, the process of rule of law in Russia’s technology investigation lags far behind other developed countries in the rule of law in Europe. Since 2002, the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation has been amended and supplemented on many occasions. The most important of these is the provision of judicial monitoring of this technical investigation under Article 186, as amended by Law No. 58. At this point, the Russian investigating authorities to implement judicial interrogation with legal basis. Russia’s judicial monitoring system upholds and draws on the majority of rule of law choice of the state, to establish a procedural sanctions monitoring mechanism for judicial interception, and strengthen the judicial review. The investigation of the historical track of the evolution of the legal supervision of Russian judicial interception and the conclusion that the universal rules of the rule of law are universal are helpful to provide references for the research on the litigation of technical investigation measures in our country.