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目的:调查居家军队离退休干部阿尔茨海默病患者中营养不足现状并分析其影响因素。方法:采用一般资料调查表、简易营养评价精法量表对83例居家的军队离退休干部阿尔茨海默病患者营养状况进行调查,并与166例健康老年人进行比较,分析导致营养不足的危险因素。结果:阿尔茨海默病患者营养不足的发生率为46.52%,显著高于对照组的10.84%(χ~2=43.201,P<0.001);年龄≥75岁、中重度痴呆、病程≥3年、伴有吞咽障碍症状是导致营养不足的危险因素。与营养正常的AD患者相比,营养不足的AD患者中年龄≥75岁(χ~2=11.487,P<0.001)、中重度痴呆(χ~2=7.547,P<0.01)、病程≥3年(χ~2=4.155,P<0.05)、伴有吞咽障碍症状(χ~2=8.763,P<0.01)的比例显著升高。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥75岁(β=0.826,Waldχ~2=7.322,P<0.001)、中重度痴呆(β=0.713,Waldχ~2=4.310,P<0.05)、有吞咽障碍症状(β=0.772,Waldχ~2=5.306,P<0.01)与营养不足有关联。结论:居家军队离退休干部阿尔茨海默病患者的营养不足发生率高,应加强对其发生危险因素的识别。
Objective: To investigate the status of undernutrition in Alzheimer’s disease patients in retired home army and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: Nutritional status of Alzheimer’s disease patients in retired army of 83 army members were surveyed by using general data questionnaire and simple nutrition assessment precision scale, and compared with 166 healthy elderly people, Risk factors. Results: The incidence of malnutrition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease was 46.52%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ ~ 2 = 43.201, P <0.001) Symptoms associated with dysphagia are risk factors for undernutrition. Patients with malnourished AD were older than 75 years (χ ~ 2 = 11.487, P <0.001), moderate to severe dementia (χ ~ 2 = 7.547, P <0.01) (χ ~ 2 = 4.155, P <0.05). The proportion of patients with dysphagia (χ ~ 2 = 8.763, P <0.01) was significantly increased. Logistic regression analysis showed that the symptoms of swallowing disorder (β = 0.826, Waldχ ~ 2 = 7.322, P <0.001) and moderate to severe dementia (β = 0.713, Waldχ2 = 4.310, = 0.772, Waldχ ~ 2 = 5.306, P <0.01) was associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition in Alzheimer’s disease patients who are retired from home army is high, and the identification of risk factors should be strengthened.