我们的印刷术传到欧洲较晚,使得中世纪的西洋人别无选择地长时期内拿手和笔来记录他们的世界、宗教和各种正野史。人力有限,产出也终究有限,人和物即变得珍贵起来。有文献证明,在七、八世纪的爱尔兰,杀死一个具备书写能力、受过严格训练的职业书记和杀死一个主教被视为同罪;十一世纪的德国,还曾有僧侣拿自己手抄的一册宗教文集换来一个辽阔的农庄。我最初感到这些古老的手抄本在当时文化人心中的分量之重源于故纸堆里的两行眉批, Later in our typography, Europeans in the Middle Ages chose the Middle Ages to choose their long history of using their hands and pens to record their world, religions and various kinds of orthodox history. With limited manpower and limited output, people and things become precious. It has been documented that in the seventh and eighth centuries of Ireland, killing a well-written and trained professional secretary and killing a bishop was considered a sin; in the eleventh-century Germany monks took their own copy A collection of religious collections in exchange for a vast farm. I initially felt that the weight of these ancient manuscripts at that time among the cultural people originated from the two lines of criticisms in the pile of paper,