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以2年生北高丛越橘(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)‘蓝丰’、‘公爵’和‘布里吉他’为试验材料,利用人工气候箱设置4个培养温度(25、30、35和40℃),研究高温对叶片叶绿体超显微结构、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光、抗氧化酶活性、色素含量以及电导率的影响。结果表明:温度对3个品种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性影响不大,但显著改变了3个品种叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。40℃对‘公爵’和‘蓝丰’的叶绿体结构有不同程度的破坏,而对‘布里吉他’没有产生显著影响。另外,随着温度的升高,3个品种叶片的叶绿素a(Chl.a)、叶绿素b(Chl.b)、叶绿素a/叶绿素b(Chl.a/b)、总叶绿素[Chl.(a+b)]及类胡萝卜素(Car.)均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且3个品种的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和水分利用效率(WUE)也出现了相似的变化趋势,品种不同其最大值出现的温度也不同。叶片相对电导率和叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m的测定结果也间接地支持了上述结论,即30℃和35℃高温对叶片结构和功能的影响有限,但40℃高温导致其受到严重损伤。抗高温能力‘布里吉他’最强,‘蓝丰’次之,‘公爵’最弱。
Using two-year-old Vaccinium corymbosum L. ’Lanfeng’, ’Duke’ and ’Bridget’ as experimental materials, four incubation temperatures (25, 30, 35 and 40 ℃ ) To study the effect of high temperature on the ultrastructure of chloroplast, gas exchange parameter, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzyme activity, pigment content and electrical conductivity. The results showed that temperature had little effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), but significantly changed the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in three cultivars. At 40 ℃, the chloroplast structure of ’Duke’ and ’Blue Fung’ was destroyed to some extent, but no significant effect was found on ’Bridget’. In addition, the chlorophyll a (Chl.a), chlorophyll b (Chl.b), chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b (Chl.a / b), total chlorophyll [Chl. (A + b)] and carotenoid (Car.) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the similarities appeared in P n, transpiration rate (T_r) and water use efficiency (WUE) The trend of different varieties of its maximum temperature is also different. The relative electric conductivity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_v / F_m also indirectly supported the above conclusions, that is, the effects of high temperature of 30 ℃ and 35 ℃ on the structure and function of leaves were limited, but the high temperature of 40 ℃ caused serious damage. High temperature ability ’guitar guitar’ strongest, ’blue abundance’ second, ’Duke’ is the weakest.