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目的了解成都市社区老年人健康自评状况及影响因素,为提高老年人健康水平和生命质量提供依据。方法利用2014年成都市高新区居民家庭健康入户调查数据,共有983名老年人纳入研究。分析健康自评与老年人社会人口特征、躯体健康、心理及行为因素的关系。单因素分析采用秩和检验的方法,多因素分析运用多分类Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果 983名老年人中健康自评为好的占47.9%,一般的占40.8%;差的占11.3%。老年人健康自评状况与是否空巢(u=3.433,P=0.001,)、锻炼时间(χ2=11.863,P<0.001)、两周是否患病(u=7.261,P<0.001)、1个月内是否感到焦虑或抑郁(u=9.173,P<0.001)、患慢病种类(χ2=44.600,P<0.001)、记忆力是否受损(u=9.562,P<0.001)等因素有关。结论应加大对城市社区空巢老年人健康问题的关注。鼓励老年人参与社区活动,保证足够的锻炼时间,做好老年人的心理卫生保健工作,进行记忆力恢复训练对提高老年人健康水平有重要作用。
Objective To understand the health status and influencing factors of the elderly in community in Chengdu and provide evidence for improving the health and quality of life of the elderly. Methods According to the survey data of household health home use in Chengdu High-tech Zone in 2014, a total of 983 elderly people were included in the study. To analyze the relationship between health self-assessment and social demographic characteristics, physical health, psychological and behavioral factors in the elderly. Univariate analysis using rank sum test method, multivariate analysis using multi-classification Logistic regression model for analysis. Results Among 983 elderly people, self-rated health was 47.9%, while the average was 40.8%. The difference was 11.3%. The health status of the elderly and whether the empty nest (u = 3.433, P = 0.001), exercise time (χ2 = 11.863, P <0.001) Whether there was anxiety or depression during the month (u = 9.173, P <0.001) was related to the types of chronic diseases (χ2 = 44.600, P <0.001) and memory impairment (u = 9.562, P <0.001). Conclusions Greater attention should be paid to the health problems of empty-nesters in urban communities. Encourage the elderly to participate in community activities, to ensure adequate exercise time, do mental health care for the elderly, memory recovery training to improve the health of the elderly have an important role.