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对我国北方 2 6个样点及 2 0个国外扁桃分布区的 1 0项气候要素进行主成分分析和模糊聚类 ,结果表明 :1温度与热量、降水及其季节性分配 (雨型 )是决定扁桃引种栽培的主要气候因素。适于扁桃生长的气候因子指标为 :无霜期 ( >2 0 0 d)、年平均气温 ( >1 2℃ )、温暖指数 ( 1 1 3～ 1 67)、≥ 1 0℃积温 ( 40 0 0～ 60 0 0℃ )、寒冷指数 ( <-2 5)、生长期降水量 ( <2 0 0 mm)、生产期干燥度指数 ( <2 .0 )、年日照时数 ( >2 50 0 h)。与扁桃的中心栽培区相比 ,生长季节热量不足、干热条件不匹配是我国北方各省引种扁桃所面临的普遍问题。2依据不同的水热条件 ,可将 4 6个样点划分为 6个气候类型。其中 ,适宜扁桃生长的气候类型有 2类 ,即地中海式气候区及中亚 -西亚暖温带干燥气候区 ,我国仅有新疆的喀什地区属此类气候类型。我国其它样点分属 2类引种扁桃较困难的气候类型。第 1类为热量不足地区 ,包括属于温带半湿润气候区的大连、天水、庆阳、平凉、太原 ;温带干旱半干旱气候区的兰州、银川、乌鲁木齐、武威、白银、张掖 ;和寒温带半湿润气候区的榆中、呼和浩特、西宁。第 2类为热量适宜但生长季节湿度过高地区 ,包括暖温带半湿润气候区的北京、天津、石家庄、青岛、济南、郑州、西安、徐州。
The principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering of 10 climatic elements in 26 samples in northern China and 20 almond distribution areas in foreign countries were conducted. The results showed that: (1) Temperature and heat, precipitation and their seasonal distribution (rain type) were Determine the introduction of almond cultivation of the main climate factors. The index of climatic factors suitable for the growth of almond is frost-free period (> 200d), annual average temperature (> 12 ℃), warm index (1 1 3 ~ 1 67), ≥ 10 ℃ accumulated temperature 60 0 0 ℃), cold index (<-2 5), growth period precipitation (<200 mm), dryness index (<2.0), sunshine duration (> 250 h) . Compared with the cultivated area of Almond, the lack of heat during the growing season and the mismatch between dry and hot conditions are the common problems faced by the introduction of Almond in the northern provinces of China. 2 According to different hydrothermal conditions, 46 samples can be divided into 6 climate types. Among them, there are two types of climate suitable for almond growth, that is, the Mediterranean-type climatic zone and the Central Asia-West Asia warm temperate dry climate zone, and only Kashgar region in Xinjiang belongs to this type of climate. Other samples of China belong to 2 types of almonds more difficult to introduce climate type. The first category is the areas with insufficient heat, including those belonging to temperate and semi-humid climatic zones such as Dalian, Tianshui, Qingyang, Pingliang and Taiyuan; Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Urumqi, Wuwei, Baiyin and Zhangye in temperate arid and semi-arid climatic zones; Climate zone Yuzhong, Hohhot, Xining. The second category is suitable for the heat but the humidity in the growing season is high, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Qingdao, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an and Xuzhou in warm temperate semi-humid climate zone.