晚清重臣李鸿章,出于对当时时局的清醒的认识,在经办清王朝的外交过程中多次以和局而终。但在争取和局中,他尽可能地以夷制夷,据理力争。“明是和局,阴为备战”是他的根本思想原则。他在外交中极力表现的主和、守约、示诚,是他积极防御思想体系的重要组成部分。 Li Hung-chang, a late minister in the late Qing dynasty, out of his sober understanding of the current situation, ended his career many times in the diplomatic process of handling the Qing dynasty. However, in the fight for peace and stability, he tried his utmost to control the barbarians and ruthlessly contend. “Ming is the peace process, Yin is preparing for the war” is his fundamental ideological principle. The Lord and the covenant and the sincere show that he exerts all his efforts in diplomacy are an important part of his active defense of the ideological system.