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Purpose: To observe Fas expression change of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by IL-lβ and TNF-α. Methods: With flow cytometry, immunohischemistry, and color imaging system, Fas expressions by exposure to IL-1β and/or TNF-α were measured. Results:The gray degree values of Fas expression were 67.5 ±6.1 in IL-1β+TNF-α-treated group, 80.1 ±9.2 in IL-1 β-treated group, and 70.4±6.4 in TNF-α-treated group, respectively. There were significant differences (P ＜ 0.005) compared with control group (107.0±10.2). Flow cytometry showed that 15.0% cultured human RPE cells expressed Fas. Fas-positive in IL-lβ, TNF-α, and IL-lβ+TNF-α-treated groups expressed was 28.1%, 34.5%, and 65.2%, respectively. Conclusion: IL-1 β, TNF-α, and combining both of them can up-regulate Fas protein expression, which may contribute to more Fas (+) cells in proliferative vitreoretinopathy PVR). Minimizing this process by means of inducing apoptosis of Fas (+) proliferative cells of Fas/FasL pathway is a future preventive and therapeutic possibility for PVR. Eye Science 2004;20:39-41.