在疫苗的发展中,从微生物疫苗到仅包含微生物抗原蛋白的亚单位疫苗具有显著的进步意义。亚单位疫苗的免疫原性通常不如整个病原体,因此,必须用佐剂增强其免疫应答反应,以建立理想的天然和适应性免疫力。将抗原结合进生物材料中,如脂质体和聚合物中,能达到期望的疫苗应答反应。这些材料的物理 Subsequent vaccine vaccines, from microbial vaccines to microbial antigen-only proteins, have shown significant advances in the development of vaccines. Subunit vaccines are generally less immunogenic than whole pathogens and therefore adjuvants must be used to enhance their immune response to establish the ideal natural and adaptive immunity. Incorporating antigens into biological materials, such as liposomes and polymers, can achieve the desired vaccine response. The physics of these materials