Objective:To observe the influence of the the transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) eye drops on rabbit aqueous humorTGF-β1 concentration, and to analyze the best drug concentration.Methods:A total of30NewZealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups with6 in each.Rabits in control group hadPBS eye drops, groupA,B,C,D adopted TGF-β1 eye drops at0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 mg/L, respectively,4times a day.Aqueous humor of right eye was extracted1 week after administration to detect concentration changes ofTGF-β1 byELISA; rabbits in fpur hroups adopted2.0 mg/L eye drops to left eyes4 times a day,0.2 mL aqueous humor was extracted left eye at the scheduled time point0,30 min,2 h,4 h,24 h for testing, the slit lamp was used to observe the cea, chamber and lens.Results:No obvious pathological changes in conjunctiva, cea, rabbit conjunctival, anterior chamber, and the lens was found.Concentration ofTGF-β1 in rabbit aqueous humor inC,D group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:TGF-β1 eye drops at2.0 mg/L,4.0 mg/L can significantly increase concentration ofTGF-β1 in rabbit aqueous humor, withe good ocular surfac permeability.