环境,通常是指系统以外,不受系统控制但对系统本身产生影响的那些因素。本文所说的环境,一般不是指自然环境,而是那些对科学技术的发展起推动或制约作用的外部因素。科学技术发展的环境分析,正是以这些外部因素为对象而进行的一种综合性情报研究。科学技术的发展,主要解决投入的人力、物力、财力以及知识经验管理等内部因素。但是科技作为整个社会大系统中的一个开放性质系统,它又不断地同外界发生互相作用,因而外界环境也是影响科技系统发展的重要因素。在一定的条件下,外部环境有可能对其产生决定性的影响。综观科学发展的历史,这样的例子屡见 Environment, usually refers to those outside the system that are not under the control of the system but have an impact on the system itself. The environment referred to in this article generally does not refer to the natural environment but to external factors that promote or constrain the development of science and technology. Environmental analysis of the development of science and technology, it is these external factors as the object for a comprehensive intelligence research. The development of science and technology mainly solves the internal factors of input manpower, material and financial resources as well as knowledge and experience management. However, science and technology, as an open system in the entire social system, are constantly interacting with the outside world. Therefore, the external environment is also an important factor that affects the development of the science and technology system. Under certain conditions, the external environment may have a decisive impact on them. Looking at the history of scientific development, such examples are commonplace