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【目的】了解上海市10~11岁小学生的贫血状况及其影响因素,提出改进措施。【方法】采用分级整群随机抽样,按照“区-学校-年级”的抽样技术路线,在上海市逐级抽取样本。共10个区,每个区1所小学,每所学校抽取5年级全部学生进行调查。最终对1 675名10~11岁学生进行了问卷调查和贫血筛检。【结果】上海市10~11岁小学生贫血患病率为2.7%(男2.5%、女3.0%)。男女之间贫血患病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.080,P=0.583),市区和郊区贫血发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.969,P=0.026)。父亲经常吸烟学生贫血患病率高于父亲未经常吸烟学生贫血患病率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.359,P=0.021)。多因素Logistic分析其影响因素为食欲差、其父亲经常吸烟、非市区。【结论】贫血问题在上海市小学生中依然存在,应在小学及家长中全面开展有关营养与饮食卫生的健康教育,为其创造良好的生活学习环境。
【Objective】 To understand the status of anemia among primary school students aged 10 ~ 11 in Shanghai and its influencing factors, and to propose improvement measures. 【Method】 Random sampling was conducted by grading and cluster sampling in accordance with the sampling technique of “district - school - grade” in Shanghai. A total of 10 districts, each district 1 primary school, every school to take all students in grade 5 to investigate. Finally, 1 675 students aged 10 to 11 were surveyed and anemia screening. 【Results】 The prevalence of anemia among primary school students aged 10-11 in Shanghai was 2.7% (male 2.5%, female 3.0%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between men and women (χ2 = 1.080, P = 0.583). There was significant difference in the incidence of anemia between urban area and suburban area (χ2 = 4.969, P = 0.026). The prevalence of anemia among father-smoker students was higher than that of father’s non-smoker students (χ2 = 5.359, P = 0.021). Multivariate Logistic analysis of the factors that affect the poor appetite, his father often smoked, non-urban areas. 【Conclusion】 Anemia problems still exist among primary school students in Shanghai. Health education on nutrition and food hygiene should be fully carried out among primary schools and parents so as to create a good living and learning environment for them.