一、前言照相乳剂是将氯化银、氯溴化银或含有少量碘化银的碘溴化银的微细结晶分散到明胶中制成的。这些乳剂颗粒是氯化钠型的构造。其外表面是由密勒指数为(100)或(111)的晶面构成。在实际应用的感光材料中,颗粒直径分布宽的负片乳剂颗粒呈(111)面,高反差的乳剂或印相纸乳剂多呈(100)面。这些晶面的差别,即结晶的习性对照相工艺的影响,很早就注意到了。例如 I. Introduction Photographic emulsions are made by dispersing fine crystals of silver chloride, silver chlorobromide or silver iodobromide containing a small amount of silver iodide into gelatin. These emulsion particles are of the sodium chloride type. Its outer surface is composed of Miller’s index (100) or (111) crystal plane. In the practical application of photosensitive materials, negative particle size distribution of particles wide (111) surface, high contrast emulsion or printing paper emulsion (100) surface. The difference between these planes, the effect of the crystallization habit on the photographic process, has long been noticed. E.g