Ambient air quality is an important part of the ecological environment.Based on panel data from 192 countries for the period 2010-2016,our study applies spatial geography elements in a spatial panel model to analyze whether PM2.5 harms residents\' health.We find a positive correlation between PM2.5 concentration and the prevalence of tuberculosis.Empirical testing shows that if residents live in environments with high PM2.5 con-centrations for an extended period,it increases their probability of contracting tuberculosis.PM2.5 concentration and economic growth have an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship.Furthermore,PM2.5 concentration and prevalence of tuberculosis in different countries have a positive spatial correlation during the study period.The values of PM2.5 concentration in adjacent areas are similar,because PM2.5 can cross borders through airflow and as economic development levels in adjacent regions are similar.When regulating haze pollution,we should adopt regional joint governance,consider the specific characteristics of different regions,and coordinate these regulations with environmental protection policies to realize the goal of “lucid waters and lush mountains.”