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目的:初步探讨3～5岁听力正常儿童语音发育规律。方法:在建立汉语普通话3～5岁儿童日常生活口语词库的基础上,将词库中的单音节词分解成拼音音节及音素,计算字频、音素音节出现频率,并与成人组进行比较。结果:3～5岁儿童组口语词汇中出现全部汉语普通话所包括的音位,经独立样本t检验,与成人组言语中音位分布和频率分布差异无统计学意义。3岁组口语中出现音节323个,占成人音节总数的81.8%,4～5岁组出现369个,占93.4%。结论:3岁儿童言语中出现的音位分布规律和频率高低均与成人类似,提示此时儿童已基本完成言语发育中语音系统水平的发育。
Objective: To investigate the phonology of children with normal hearing in 3 ~ 5 years old. Methods: On the basis of establishing the colloquial words of everyday life of Chinese children aged 3 ~ 5 years old in Mandarin Chinese, the monosyllabic words in the lexicon were decomposed into phonetic syllables and phonemes, and the frequencies of phonetic syllables and phonetic syllables were calculated and compared with the adult group . Results: The phonemes included in all Chinese mandarins were found in the spoken words of children aged 3 ~ 5 years. There was no significant difference in the distribution of phonemes and the frequency distribution between the groups of adults in the independent sample t-test. There were 323 syllables in the 3-year-old group, accounting for 81.8% of the total adult syllables and 369 in the 4 ~ 5 years old group, accounting for 93.4%. CONCLUSION: The distribution and frequency of phonemes in 3-year-old children are similar to those in adults, suggesting that the children have basically completed the development of the phonological system during the speech development.