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楚科奇海是北冰洋的陆架海,中部凸起的Herald浅滩对海水流动和海冰融化过程有显著影响。利用我国1999年夏季北冰洋考察数据,讨论了楚科奇海海冰融化过程中的海水结构。结果表明,海区内存在2个相继进入的水团,一个是海冰覆盖期进入的阿纳德尔水(AW),具有低温、高盐、高硅酸盐的特点;另一个是海冰融化后进入的白令海陆架水(BSW),具有高温、低盐、低硅酸盐的特点。在开阔水域,表层水温度达到7℃以上,高于当地气温,是当地太阳辐射的加热作用形成的。开阔海域的水体向冰下扩展,表层水温在1℃以上,形成冰下暖水区,加速了海冰的融化;Her-ald浅滩阻挡了海水的流动形成绕流,其北部处于绕流的死角,表层水温在-1℃以下,形成冰下冷水区。在开阔海域,上层海水的混合深度达到15~20 m,而渗入冰下的暖水深度小于5 m,体现了海冰对暖水渗入的阻滞作用。所有海冰覆盖站位10 m层的叶绿素-a含量都很高,表明冰下海水处于浮游植物大量繁殖的状态,有可能对海水吸收热量和海冰融化产生显著的影响。
The Chukchi Sea is the shelf sea of the Arctic Ocean. The raised Herald Shoal in the central region has a significant effect on sea water flow and sea ice melting. Based on the data of summer Arctic Ocean in China in 1999, the seawater structure in seawater melting in the Chukchi Sea was discussed. The results show that there are two water masses that enter one after another in the sea area, one is Anadal water (AW) which enters in sea ice cover period, which has the characteristics of low temperature, high salt and high silicate. Enter the Bering Sea shelf water (BSW), with high temperature, low salt, low silicate characteristics. In open waters, the surface water temperature reaches above 7 ℃, higher than the local air temperature, which is formed by the heating effect of local solar radiation. The water in the open sea expands under the ice and the surface water temperature is above 1 ℃, forming a warm water area under ice, accelerating the melting of the sea ice. Her-ald shoals block the flow of seawater to form a flow around the dead zone , Surface water temperature below -1 ℃, the formation of ice cold water zone. In the open sea, the mixing depth of the upper seawater reaches 15-20 m, while the depth of warm water infiltrated into the ice is less than 5 m, which shows the retardation effect of sea ice on infiltration of warm water. The chlorophyll-a content of all the 10 m layers of sea ice coverage stations is very high, indicating that the seawater under ice is in a state of large-scale phytoplankton flooding, which may have a significant impact on seawater absorption heat and sea ice thawing.