Fulminant hepatitis is fatal in most cases and timely liver transplantation is the only effective treatment.This study evaluates the survival outcomes of patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT)using right lobe liver grafts for fulminant liver failure due to hepatitis B infection.Nine cases of adult right lobe LDLT were performed in our department from September 2002 to August 2005 and the clinical and following-up data were reviewed.According to the pre-transplant Child-Pugh-Turcotte classification,the nine patients were classified as grade C.The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of these patients ranged from 16 to 42.The principal complications before transplantation included abnormal renal function,hepatic coma of different degrees and alimentary tract hemorrhage.The main complications after transplantation included pulmonary infection in two cases,acute renal failure in three cases and transplantation-related encephalopathy in one case.No primary failure of vascular or biliary complications occurred.The one-year survival rate was 55.6%.There were no serious complications or deaths in donors.In general,it is extremely difficult to treat fulminant hepatitis by conservative regimen,particularly,in cases with rapid progresslon.Emergency adult living-donor liver transplantation is an effective treatment for fulminant hepatitis patients and is relatively safe for donors.