目的了解某重症监护病房(ICU)一周内发生的医院感染,与病房环境中的多药耐药鲍氏不动杆菌的耐药谱特征和同源性。方法用K-B法检测17株鲍氏不动杆菌的耐药情况;用随机引物扩增多态DNA(RAPD)检测并进行同源性分析。结果病房内环境分离出12株鲍氏不动杆菌,其中人携带分离出3株;ICU内物体表面分离出9株,其中11株为多药耐药菌,且耐药表型与患者的5株感染菌完全一致;RAPD分析患者感染菌3株、环境分离菌8株为同一基因型。结论该病房存在着某一基因型鲍氏不动杆菌感染暴发流行。 Objective To understand the nosocomial infection and homology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit (ICU) within one week. Methods K-B method was used to detect 17 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to detect the homology. Results There were 12 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the ward, of which 3 were carried by human carriers. Nine strains were isolated from the surface of ICU, among them 11 were multidrug-resistant bacteria, Strain infection was consistent; RAPD analysis of 3 patients infected bacteria, isolates of 8 isolates of the same genotype. Conclusion There was a prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the ward.