最近十年来,固体表面分析技术得到迅速发展。这一方面是由于六十年代以来,超高真空技术的重大进展,比较容易获得10~(10)托的超高真空,有可能制备固体的“清洁”表面。从七十年代以来,商品能谱仪器开始生产,为表面分析提供了有力的工具。另一方面,固体表面分析技术与现代科 In the last decade, solid surface analysis techniques have been rapidly developed. This is due in part to the significant advances in ultra-high vacuum technology since the 1960s and the relatively easy availability of ultrahigh vacuums of 10 to 10 Torr, making it possible to prepare solid “clean” surfaces. Since the 1970s, commercial spectrum instruments began to be produced, providing a powerful tool for surface analysis. On the other hand, solid surface analysis and modern science