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与PIWI蛋白相互作用的RNA(piRNA)是一类动物生殖系细胞特异性表达的小分子非编码RNA。本文从piRNA分子、PIWI蛋白及其他相关蛋白3个方面系统概括了piRNA通路。发现piRNA通路不仅通过抑制转座子机制,还可以通过调控翻译、生殖系干细胞的维护、RNA的降解、基因防御等方面来影响精子发生。因此对piRNA通路在精子发生中的最新研究进展进行了综述。
The RNA (piRNA) that interacts with the PIWI protein is a small class of non-coding RNA that is specifically expressed in animal germline cells. This article systematically summarizes the piRNA pathway from three aspects of piRNA molecules, PIWI proteins and other related proteins. The piRNA pathway was found to affect spermatogenesis not only by inhibiting the transposon machinery but also by regulating translation, maintenance of germline stem cells, RNA degradation, and genetic defense. Therefore, the recent progress of piRNA pathway in spermatogenesis is reviewed.