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以赛亚·伯林把“liberty”界分消极意义的自由和积极意义的自由。自由的英文表达有两个单词:liberty和freedom,但“liberty”和“freedom”的通使用语境存在差异,前者通常用于政治或法律意义的语境,而后者通常用于哲学的语境下。伯林认可的消极意义的自由概念是一种“liberty”意义的自由,而马克思追求的是一种“freedom”意义的自由。伯林把积极意义上的自由(liberty)等同于马克思的实质自由(freedom)观来批判,并指出积极自由的悖论、一元论的谬误以及自由是否实现与自由是否存在混同,这在一定程度上误解了马克思的实质自由理论。马克思和伯林的自由理论的形成都离不开对政治现实问题的考量。伯林对马克思自由观的批判体现了一定的学术价值,与此同时也廓清了马克思实质自由理论的本来面貌。
Isaiah Berlin divides “liberty” in the negative meaning of freedom and positive meaning of freedom. Free English expression has two words: liberty and freedom, but there are differences in the context of the use of “liberty” and “freedom”, the former usually used in political or legal contexts, while the latter is usually used in Under the philosophical context. The negative concept of freedom recognized by Berlin is a “liberty” meaning of freedom, while Marx pursues a freedom of “freedom” meaning. Berlin criticizes the positive liberty in the positive sense as the Marx’s concept of freedom and points out the paradox of positive liberty, the fallacy of monism and whether there is any confusion between freedom and liberty. To a certain extent, Misunderstood Marx’s theory of substantive freedom. The formation of Marx and Berlin’s theory of freedom can not be separated from the question of political reality. Berlin’s criticism of Marx’s freedom concept embodies certain academic value, meanwhile, it also clarifies the original appearance of Marx’s substantive freedom theory.