比利时、法国的巨人和巨龙游行

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  Pageants processions can be seen in many countries and regions all round the world, such as Halloween, Carnival and so on. They belong to common cultural phenomenon and are mostly related with religious legends. Festival of Giants popular in some parts of Belgium and France is one of such festivals. Today it provides a sense of identity to certain Belgian towns (Ath, Brussels, Dendermonde, Mechelen and Mons), French towns (Cassel, Douai, Pézenas and Tarascon) and Vanlo in Holland where they remain living traditions.
  These cultural expressions first appeared in the urban religious processions of sixteenth century western Europe. These giants and dragons are large-scale models measuring up to nine metres in height and weighing up to 350 kilos. They represent mythical heroes or animals, trades or contemporary local figures, historical, biblical or legendary characters. St George fighting the dragon is staged in Mons, Bayard the horse from the Charlemagne legend parades in Reuze Papa and Reuze Maman, popular family characters parade at Cassel. The wide range of performances, often mixing secular procession and religious ceremony, varies from town to town. However, there is one constant: each expression follows a precise ritual and the giant is often related to the history, legend or life of the town.
  盛装节日游行在世界上很多国家和地区都有,如“万圣节”、“狂欢节”等,是普遍存在的一种文化现象,多数和宗教传说有关。法国和比利时流行的“巨人节”也是这样的一种节日,直至今天,仍然保持这种传统节庆活动的城镇主要有比利时的艾斯、布鲁塞尔、丹得蒙德、门克兰和芒斯;法国的卡塞尔、都外伊、皮森纳斯和塔拉斯贡;荷兰的文罗。
  这些文化表现形式首先出现在16世纪的西欧城镇的宗教游行中,至今依然兴盛。巨人和龙的模型巨大,近9米高,近350公斤重,表现各种形象:神话中的英雄或动物、商人或当代的本地人、历史人物、圣经或传奇故事中的人物。芒斯的游行上演圣乔治大战巨龙;文罗的街道上有查理曼大帝传奇中的神马,而深受欢迎的家庭故事人物——路泽爸爸和路泽妈妈漫步在卡塞尔。大范围的演出将世俗活动与宗教仪式相融合,形式多样,村村不同。然而有一点是一致的,那就是:活动都遵循严格的仪式程序,巨人通常与历史、传奇或本城镇的生活有关。
  Giants and dragons also animate other popular festivals where they are the main actors at least once a year, as each giant has its specific feast day. These gigantic effigies are carried by one or two people, who are hidden inside. They act out historical scenes and dance in the streets to the accompaniment of fanfares and costumed people. The crowd follows the procession, and many help in the preparations at different stages of the festival. The construction of a giant, and its ongoing maintenance, requires weeks of work and know-how in many techniques given the range of materials used.
  "Dragon" in the dragon festival in western countries is different with the "dragon" in China, and the former is more like a carnival dinosaur, and the emblem of horror and evil, and is derived from the biblical fable: "at the beginning of the Christian era, there lived a beast called as 'dragon' by local people in the cavern. It had long wrecked havoc in the area and devoured many sailor and villagers. Later a saintess miraculously subdued it." Hence, the original intention of Dragon festival is to celebrate the conquering of the dragon.   每个传说中的巨人都有特定的纪念日,因此,每个巨人和巨龙一年至少有一次会在某个节日中扮演主角。一到二人藏在巨大的塑像中推动它,和其它装扮好的演员一起,在吹奏乐器的伴奏下,表演历史情境,或者在街上舞蹈。人群簇拥着表演队伍前进,许多人帮助准备表演的场地。完成这些巨大塑像并维护好它,需要花费好几个星期,各种材料的运用也需要很高的技艺。
  西方国家“龙”的概念与中国人“龙”的概念不同,形象类似于肉食性恐龙,是一种恐怖和凶恶的化身,它来自于基督教中的传说:“公元初,塔拉斯康城附近的岩洞中,生长着一种怪兽,人们称之为‘龙’。它长期在这个地区肆虐,吞噬海员和村民,后来,一位圣女奇迹般地制服了它。”因此,龙节的本意是降龙节。
  In Belgium, dragon is also regarded as a devil slaughtered by the patron saint. Dragon-fighting festival at Mons near French is quite famous. The festival which celebrated the achievements of getting rid of the cruel and pacifying the good people is held in every June. During the festival, the procession wearing in all sorts of folk costumes parades in fervent mood. Particularly, the battle show between warriors and "dragon" in the municipal square arouses the enthusiasm of the entire audience.
  Belgium has issued the stamps of "Festival of Giants" in 1971 and 1999. French also issued the stamps of "Festival of Giants" in 1980. Since 2005 Processional giants and dragons declared by Belgium and France are part of the UNESCO Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
  在比利时,龙照例被视作被保护神杀掉的恶魔。靠近法国边界的蒙斯城的斗龙节最为著名。这个旨在庆祝除暴安良的传统节日,也在每年6月举行。节日期间,身穿各式民族服饰的游行队伍,气氛热烈。特别是在市政广场上表演的勇士与“龙”搏斗的场景,使得全场沸腾。
  比利时曾于1971年和1999年两次发行巨人节邮票。法国在1980年也发行过巨人节邮票。2005年比利时和法国联合申报的巨人和龙的游行项目,被联合国教科文组织宣布为“人类口头与非物质文化遗产代表作”。
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