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英国是人类历史上第一个工业化国家,也是世界上第一个较早面临贫富不均等社会问题的国家;处理贫困问题,不仅考验英国的政治家,也是对政府职能的一次现代转型。近代早期,英国的济贫政策更多的带有浓厚的宗教色彩,政府能发挥的作用没有那么突出。但是,随着工业化的快速推进,社会问题越来越复杂,贫穷已经不仅仅是个人问题,单纯的惩罚只会激起更大的阶级矛盾和反抗;尤其到了20世纪济贫法已经完成了自己的历史使命,新的济贫、福利政策呼之欲出;构建新的济贫福利体系,标志着政府已经全面接手贫困问题,不再漠视它的存在。
Britain was the first industrialized country in mankind’s history and the first one in the world to face the social problems of unequal wealth and poverty earlier. Handling the poverty problem not only tested Britain’s politicians but also made a modern transition to the functions of the government. Early in the modern era, Britain’s poverty-relief policies were more religious in nature, and the government’s role was less prominent. However, with the rapid industrialization, the social problems have become increasingly complicated. Poverty has become more than an issue of individuals. Mere punishment can only arouse greater class contradictions and resistances. Especially in the twentieth century, the poverty alleviation laws have completed their own Historical missions, new poverty-relief and welfare policies. The construction of a new system of benefiting the poor and benefiting the poor means that the government has fully taken over poverty and no longer ignored its existence.