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工业生产中,为生产出合格的钛渣必须加入适量的碳作为还原剂,将高价氧化物还原为低价氧化物。云南某公司30 MVA大型密闭直流电弧炉(DC炉)生产运行过程中,通过控制无烟煤用量与钛精矿用量之比——配碳比(ratio of anthracite to ilmenite,简称AIR),使生产在输入能量一定、钛精矿成分稳定的条件下力求获得良好的产品品质。生产通过中空石墨电极将钛精矿和无烟煤加入DC炉内,熔炼温度控制为1973～2023 K;熔炼输入功率为15 MVA;入炉钛精矿粒度为0.1～0.33 mm;入炉无烟煤粒径为5～25 mm的比例大于85%。理论上熔炼还原1 t钛精矿,将会产出526 kg渣和368 kg金属铁,O/I比率约为89.4%,理论配碳比约为7.895%。通过生产物料衡算得出,一定熔炼周期内的AIR平均值为12.228%,O/I比率平均值为81.317%。在配碳量不足的情况下,钛精矿中的FeO易于离解出氧并与碳结合,使FeO还原反应优先于TiO2等氧化物,碳最大可能的消耗在FeO的还原上;配碳量越高,则碳将用于还原难还原的氧化物(如MgO,CaO,MnO等)上,使FeO的还原受到抑制。配碳比还会影响DC电炉熔渣流动性和挂渣层。试生产熔炼周期内,通过调整AIR,实现了钛渣中TiO2品质的提高,其含量可从82%提高到89%以上。
In industrial production, in order to produce qualified titanium slag, an appropriate amount of carbon must be added as a reducing agent to reduce the high-grade oxide to a low-level oxide. Through the control of the ratio of anthracite to ilmenite (AIR), the production of 30 MVA large enclosed DC electric arc furnace (DC furnace) in a certain company in Yunnan Province was put into operation in the input A certain amount of energy, titanium concentrate to stabilize the conditions sought to obtain good product quality. Production through the hollow graphite electrode titanium concentrate and anthracite added to the DC furnace, melting temperature control for the 1973 ~ 2023 K; smelting input power of 15 MVA; into the furnace titanium ore particle size of 0.1 ~ 0.33 mm; into the furnace anthracite particle size 5 ~ 25 mm ratio is greater than 85%. The theoretical reduction of 1 t of titanium concentrate by smelting will yield 526 kg of slag and 368 kg of metallic iron with an O / I ratio of about 89.4% and a theoretical carbon ratio of about 7.895%. Calculated through the production of materials, the average AIR within a certain melting cycle was 12.228%, the average O / I ratio was 81.317%. In the case of insufficient carbon content, the FeO in the titanium concentrate tends to dissociate and combine with carbon, so that the reduction reaction of FeO takes precedence over the oxide of TiO2 and the maximum possible consumption of carbon is reduced on the reduction of FeO; High, then the carbon will be used to restore the refractory oxide (such as MgO, CaO, MnO, etc.), so that the reduction of FeO is inhibited. With the carbon ratio will also affect the flow of DC electric furnace slag and slag layer. During the trial production and melting cycle, the TiO2 quality in titanium slag was improved by adjusting AIR. The content of TiO2 can be raised from 82% to over 89%.