中国目前尚没有处置达到安全使用年限大坝的先例,而有着漫长筑坝历史的美国,其经验可资殷鉴。自19世纪末,美国兴建了许多水电站和大坝,现拥有大坝8.5万座。随着大坝和其他配套设施的老化,大坝的维修和退役是困扰美国水电行业的难题。为此,美国建立了规范严密的拆坝许可制。在美国,一个坝如果被列入拆除计划首先要取得拆坝 At present, China has not yet set a precedent for the disposal of dams that have reached the maximum age for safe use. However, the United States, which has a long history of damming, has very good experience. Since the late 19th century, the United States has built many hydropower stations and dams and now has 85,000 dams. With the aging of dams and other ancillary facilities, the maintenance and decommissioning of dams are troublesome to the hydropower industry in the United States. To this end, the United States has established a tight system of permitting demolition of dams. In the United States, if a dam is included in the dismantling plan, it must first obtain the demolition of a dam