引言1939年 Dubos 从土壤中分离获得短芽孢杆菌(Bacillus brevis)产生短杆菌素,由短杆菌肽和短杆菌酪肽组成。到60年代末,细菌形成的抗生素大多为多肽化合物,对肾脏毒性较大。1970年美国首先报道,环状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus circulans)能产生丁酰苷菌素(butirosin)。它是一种氨基糖苷类抗生素,特别对革兰氏阴性菌有效,抗菌谱与艮他霉素相同,对艮他霉素耐药的绿脓杆菌仍有抗菌活性,毒性小,LD_(50)为520毫克/公斤,而艮他霉素为70～88毫克/公 INTRODUCTION Dubos isolated from soil in 1939 to produce Brevibacterium sp., Consisting of gramicidin and brevistein. By the end of the 1960s, most of the antibiotics that were formed by bacteria were peptide compounds, which were more toxic to the kidneys. In 1970, the United States first reported that Bacillus circulans can produce butirosin. It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, especially effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Its antibacterial spectrum is the same as gentamicin, and still has antibacterial activity against gentamicin- Is 520 mg / kg, while gentamicin is 70-88 mg / kg