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目的了解长沙市5岁以下儿童死亡的变化趋势,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法对长沙市2004年10月-2008年9月(长沙市自2004年10月起试行年度“3+1”模式,即年度报表统计时限为上一年度第四季度和本年度第一、二、三季度)四年的5岁以下儿童死亡资料进行回顾性分析。结果四年来5岁以下儿童死亡率、婴儿死亡率、新生儿死亡率均明显下降,1~4岁儿童死亡率虽有波动,但较2005年仍有明显下降,差异有统计学意义;先天异常、意外始终居前二位,其中意外近四年呈水平波动,下降趋势不明显,而降幅较大的为出生窒息。结论降低5岁以下儿童死亡率首要的是降低早期新生儿死亡率,针对目前先天异常、意外、早产及低体重三大死因只有加强先天异常的防治工作,不断提高产、儿科的医疗技术水平,切实做好孕早期、围产期保健工作,长期坚持健康教育,提高人们保健意识、保护环境和安全意识,才能降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。
Objective To understand the trend of death among children under 5 years of age in Changsha and provide a scientific basis for making interventions. Methods From October 2004 to September 2008, Changsha City piloted the annual “3 + 1 ” model since October 2004. The statistical period of the annual report was the fourth quarter of the previous year and the first of the year. Two or three quarters) four-year data on the death of children under the age of 5 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years old, infant mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate decreased significantly in four years. Although the mortality rate of children aged 1-4 years fluctuated, the mortality rate was still significantly lower than that of 2005, the difference was statistically significant. The congenital anomalies , The accident always top two, including the level of fluctuations in the last four years, the downward trend is not obvious, while the larger decline for the birth of suffocation. Conclusion To reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years old, the primary one is to reduce the mortality rate of early neonates. To address the current causes of congenital anomalies, accidents, premature births and low birth weight, only the prevention and treatment of congenital abnormalities should be strengthened and the medical and technical skills of births and pediatrics should be continuously improved. In order to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age, we must earnestly do well in early pregnancy and perinatal health care, and long-term adherence to health education so as to raise awareness of people’s health care and protect the environment and safety.