乾隆朝中后期,尤其是乾隆四十二年(1777)之后,文字狱案件数量骤增,这是许多因素共同作用的结果。究其原因,在于乾隆中后期文化政策的突变;乾隆作为满族人,自卑心理增强;乾隆对社会主要矛盾的判断失误以及欲通过文字狱案件的严惩达到巩固统治、加强社会控制的目的等。在此,笔者主要从文化政策的演变及帝王心理等方面来加以详细分析。 In the mid-to-late period of Qianlong, especially in the 42 years after Qianlong (1777), the number of literary jail cases soared, which was the result of many factors. The reason lies in the abrupt change of cultural policies in the middle and late Qianlong period. Qianlong, as a Manchu people, has increased self-esteem and psychology. Qianlong misjudged the main social contradictions and severely punished criminal cases through letters and sentences to consolidate the rule and strengthen the purpose of social control. Here, I mainly analyze in detail the evolution of cultural policies and imperial psychology.