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目的:选取阴虚、阳虚两种证型, 以老年人10种常见慢性疾病为研究对象, 通过回顾性研究来分析其虚证临床症状分布特点.方法:选取我国患病率居前10位的慢性疾病 (阴虚证、阳虚证) 设为研究病种, 采用卡方检验、柏拉图分析、雷达图分析等方法, 对湖南省某三甲医院2015年7月1日至2017年7月1日收治的住院老年患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:老年人慢病虚证症状具有一定的特点;老年人10种常见慢病主要虚证症状按降序排列依次为口干、睡眠障碍、头晕、乏力、大便异常等.结论:10种常见慢性疾病阴虚、阳虚证临床症状分布具有规律性的特点;老年人慢性疾病老人虚证症状的分析为中医“异病同护”等提供了参考依据.“,”Objective: Two kinds of syndromes that were Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency among 10 common chronic diseases of the elderly were choosing as the research objects to analyze the distribution characteristics of clinical symptoms of deficiency syndrome by retrospective study. Methods: Chronic diseases (Yin deficiency syndrome and Yang deficiency syndrome) with the top 10 prevalence rates in our country were selected as the study disease types. The clinical data of hospitalized elderly patients, who were hospitalized during July1, 2015 to July 1, 2017, was retrospectively analyzed by using chi-square test, Platonism analysis and radar chart analysis. Results: The symptoms of deficiency syndrome of chronic diseases in the elderly had some characteristics. The main symptoms of deficiency syndrome of top 10 kinds of common chronic diseases in the elderly were as follows: dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, abnormal stool weakness etc. Conclusion: The clinical symptoms of Yin deficiency syndrome and Yang deficiency syndrome of top 10 common chronic diseases have regular pattern. The analysis of the symptoms of deficiency of chronic diseases in the elderly provide references for the study of “different diseases with the same care”.