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近年来，视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞移植在治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性等疾病方面取得了一些进展。移植细胞根据来源和类型分为自体RPE细胞、自体虹膜色素上皮细胞、异体胎儿RPE细胞、异体成人RPE细胞、胚胎干细胞衍生的RPE细胞、诱导多能干细胞衍生的RPE细胞；根据移植方式分为RPE细胞悬液移植和RPE细胞片移植。自体RPE细胞和虹膜色素上皮细胞因其取材受限等缺点，相关研究已减少。胎儿RPE细胞具有低免疫原性，并能产生大量供体RPE细胞，是理想的移植细胞来源；胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞衍生的RPE细胞具有致畸性和基因不稳定性的风险。未来可能建立移植细胞的综合评价体系，以筛选出相对合适的供体细胞。本文主要回顾了近年来RPE细胞移植相关的实验研究、临床移植的效果及所存在的问题。“,”In recent years, promising results have been achieved in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell transplantation in the treatment of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.The types of transplanted RPE cells include autologous RPE cells, autologous iris pigment epithelium cells, allogeneic fetal RPE cells, allogeneic adult RPE cells, human embryonic stem sell-derived RPE cells, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells.According to the transplantation method, RPE cell transplantation can be divided into RPE cell suspension transplantation and RPE cell sheets transplantation.The research on the autologous RPE cells and iris pigment epithelial cells has been reduced due to their limited materials.Fetal RPE cells, which have low immunogenicity and can produce a large number of donor RPE cells, are ideal sources of transplanted cells.Human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells have adverse effects, including teratogenicity and genetic instability, so transplanted RPE cells need to be optimized.In this article, the experimental researches related to RPE cell transplantation in recent years, the efficacy of transplantation and the existing problems were reviewed.The future trend of RPE cell transplantation may be to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for transplanted cells to screen out relatively suitable donor cells.