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各种慢性肾脏疾病终末期(慢性肾衰)的患者可以进行持续血液透析治疗来延长寿命,而肾脏移植治疗对患者的存活率及生活质量较前者明显要高。近年来,由于器官移植技术在临床的应用与研究逐渐发展成熟,肾移植已成为治疗慢性肾衰的首要方案。而移植术后所发生的急性与慢性排斥反应是导致手术失败的主要原因。在同种异基因移植排斥反应中很多研究表明:Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)、核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)、p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase,p38MAPK)及Notch等信号通路对移植排斥反应有着非常重要的作用。
Patients with a variety of chronic kidney disease end-stage (chronic renal failure) can be sustained hemodialysis treatment to prolong life, and kidney transplant treatment of patients with survival and quality of life than the former was significantly higher. In recent years, as organ transplantation technology in clinical applications and research and development gradually mature, kidney transplantation has become the primary program of treatment of chronic renal failure. The acute and chronic rejection occurred after transplantation is the main reason for the failure of surgery. Many studies have shown that Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 -mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Notch signaling pathway play an important role in graft rejection.