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With the increase in global warming,building energy saving becomes a principal policy for most countries.About 70％of the energy consumption loss of buildings is through the external walls of the buildings.Ultra-lightweight foam concretes with dry density of 150-300 kg·m-3 as the thermal insulation materials have been commercially prepared and used in building insulation engineering in China.This paper reports the raw materials and procedures for preparation of ultra-lightweight foam concretes by chemical foaming(UFC-C)and physical foaming(UFC-P).The characteristics of the air-voids structure,the mechanical properties,the water absorption,the thermal conductivity and the fire resistance of UFC-C and UFC-P were summarized in this paper.Based on existing research progress,the future research works were presented.