目的卡介苗是预防和控制结核病的有效措施,但是也有极少数人接种疫苗后会发生异常反应。为规范辖区疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Event s Following Immunization,AEFI)调查处置,提高专业人员应对能力,对本次报告处置进行分析。方法按照卫生部《疑似预防异常反应监测方案》要求对报告的1例卡介苗接种后发生腋下淋巴结肿大AEFI在48 h内开展调查,收集相应资料,并在调查后3 d内完成AEFI个案调查表的填写,通过中国预防接种信息管理系统进行网络直报。在调查结束后30 d内作出结论,对其分类也进行了明确。结果患儿左腋下淋巴结炎与卡介苗接种在时间和生物学特性方面存在关联,是预防接种异常反应。结论通过规范调查、积极沟通,家长对AEFI表示理解和接受,调查顺利完成。 The purpose of BCG is to prevent and control tuberculosis effective measures, but there are very few people will be abnormal after vaccination. In order to standardize the investigation and disposal of the suspected adverse reaction of vaccination (AEFI) in the area and improve the coping ability of professionals, this report analyzes the disposal of this report. Methods According to the Ministry of Health “suspected anomalous response monitoring program,” one reported case of axillary lymph node enlargement AEFI was investigated within 48 hours after the BCG vaccination and the corresponding data were collected. AEFI case investigation was completed within 3 days after the survey Fill in the form and report directly to the network through China’s vaccination information management system. Within 30 days after conclusion of the investigation, conclusions are drawn and their classification is also clarified. Results There was an association between left armpit lymphadenitis and BCG vaccination in terms of time and biological characteristics, which was an abnormal response to vaccination. Conclusion Through the survey and active communication, parents expressed their understanding and acceptance of AEFI and the investigation was completed successfully.