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非法证据是指公安司法人员违反法律规定的程序或者超越自身权限范围获得的证据材料。对于非法证据的证明效力,在立法和理论界素有不同主张“全盘否定说”、“真实肯定说”、“线索转化说”、“区别证据种类说”等等。源于英美普通法的非法证据排除法则,就是“否定说”在立法和判例上的体现。它是指将非法证据排除于证据之外,否定其证明效力的一种证据制度。本文试图通过对非法证据排除法则有关基本问题讨的探讨,提出在我国设立非法证据排除法则意见和构想,为完善我国的刑事证据制度提供一些参考。
Illegal evidence refers to the evidence obtained by public security judicial personnel in violation of the procedures prescribed by law or beyond its own jurisdiction. For the demonstration of the validity of illegal evidence, there are different opinions in the legislative and theoretical circles such as “total denial”, “true affirmation”, “clue transformation”, “distinction of evidence type” and so on . The law of exclusion from the common law of Anglo-American law is the manifestation of legislation and jurisprudence. It refers to the illegal evidence is excluded from the evidence, to deny the effectiveness of proof of an evidence system. This article tries to discuss the basic issues about the law of exclusion of illegal evidence, and puts forward the suggestion and idea of setting up the law of exclusion of illegal evidence in our country, so as to provide some reference for perfecting the system of criminal evidence in our country.