在核燃料循环、核设施退役等工作场所中,工作人员不可避免吸入放射性气溶胶。放射性气溶胶中的一些超铀元素,尤其钚、镅核素,电离辐射能力强且具有一定的生物毒性,吸入极少量即可对人体造成巨大危害。准确测量人体放射性核素的滞留量是正确估算人体内照射剂量、评估健康效应的前提和基础。建立内照射肺部计数器装置,采用活体测量法测量工作人员肺内滞留量成为对工作人员吸入此类核素的一种重要监测手段。 In the workplace, such as the nuclear fuel cycle and the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, staff inevitably inhale radioactive aerosols. Some of the transuranic elements in radioactive aerosols, especially plutonium and plutonium, have strong ionizing radiation ability and certain biological toxicity, and inhalation of a very small amount can cause great harm to the human body. Accurate measurement of the amount of human radionuclide retention is the premise and basis for a correct assessment of human exposure dose and assessment of health effects. Establishing an internal exposure lung counter device and using live measurements to measure staff hold-ups in the lungs have become an important means of monitoring the inhalation of such nuclides by staff members.