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目的了解上海口岸赴美移民2~14岁儿童结核及潜伏结核感染的分布情况并分析感染的影响因素。方法抽取2013年在上海国际旅行卫生保健中心进行赴美移民体检的2~14岁儿童作为研究对象,回顾性分析研究对象的基本信息、病史和接触史,结核感染T细胞检测(T-SPOT.TB)结果及其结核感染情况,采用单因素分析方法分析赴美移民2~14岁儿童结核感染的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入了赴美移民2~14岁儿童704人,按学龄前、小学和中学进行年龄分组,3个年龄组的构成比分别为30.5%,40.1%和29.4%。其中有结核病接触史1人,占总数的0.1%;投资移民480例,占研究对象的68.2%;T-SPOT.TB检测阳性5人,占0.71%,无结核相关的临床症状和体征,为潜伏结核感染者。既往有结核患者接触史者发生结核感染的危险性显著高于无接触人群,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。3个年龄组发生结核感染的危险性不同,中学组发生结核感染的危险性显著高于低年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.037);非投资移民发生结核感染的危险性高于投资移民人群(P=0.003),差异有统计学意义。结论上海口岸赴美移民2~14岁儿童结核感染率较低,日常生活中与结核患者接触,家庭经济水平相对较差增加儿童潜伏感染的危险性,随年龄增长,儿童潜伏感染的危险性增加。
Objective To understand the distribution of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis in children aged 2-14 years who migrated to Shanghai from the United States and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 2-14-year-old children were enrolled in the Shanghai International Travel Health Care Center. Their basic information, history and exposure history were retrospectively analyzed. The T-SPOT of tuberculosis infection was retrospectively analyzed. TB) and tuberculosis infection. The univariate analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of TB infection in children aged 2 ~ 14 years in the United States. Results A total of 704 children aged 2-14 years were enrolled in the study. The age groups were grouped by preschool, elementary school and middle school. The proportions of the three age groups were 30.5%, 40.1% and 29.4% respectively. One of them had a history of exposure to TB, accounting for 0.1% of the total; 480 were immigrated, accounting for 68.2% of the study population; 5 were T-SPOT.TB positive, accounting for 0.71% of the total, and no clinical symptoms and signs related to tuberculosis were Latent TB infection. There was a significantly higher risk of tuberculosis infection in those with previous history of exposure to tuberculosis than in those without contact, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.007). In the three age groups, the risk of tuberculosis infection was different. The risk of tuberculosis infection in middle school group was significantly higher than that in lower age group (P = 0.037). The risk of tuberculosis infection in non-immigrant immigrants was higher than that of investment Immigrants (P = 0.003), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions The TB infection rate of children aged 2-14 years old who went to the United States immigrated to the United States at Shanghai Port is relatively low. In rural areas, the contact with tuberculosis patients in daily life and the relatively poor family economy increase the risk of latent infection in children. With age, the risk of latent infection in children increases .