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关于中国水稻品种生态类型的演变形成与环境条件及其与水稻生产发展的关系,作者根据全国有关的调查研究和最近三年试验结果,作了综合性的论述。茲据论述结果摘要如下: 1.中国南部以广东热带地区为中心,东自台湾省,西至云南南部已先后发现的野生稻有栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)祖先的多年生野稻(O.perennis Moench.)以及疣粒野稻(O.Meyeriana Baill.)和药用野稻(O.officinalis Wall.)3种。就中以栽培稻祖先的多年生野稻分布最普遍。由多年生野稻通过自然和人为选择而演变形成为栽培稻种;再因地理分布和生态条件的不同,而分化形成在形态、生理、生化以及杂交亲和力等方面显有不同的两个亚种,其一为栽培稻基本型的秈稻(O.sativa L. subsp.hsien Ting),又一为变异型的粳稻(O.sativa L. subsp.keng Ting)。 2.秈、粳稻中的晚、中、早稻及共迟、中、早熟品种是由热带性的在短日强光高温条件下生育的晚稻类型品种,随各季节各纬度地带的生态上的光温条件的变化而驯化形成的;并由适应各季节各地带的光温条件关系而形成各类型品种的出穗期遗传性。就中晚稻对短日最敏感,但敏威性与日长幅度有关,而与日长趋势(由短而长或由长而短)无关。晚稻的感温性也保持着其祖先传留下来的特别要求高温的特点,比之早稻强。但早稻类?
With regard to the evolutionary formation and environmental conditions of rice varieties in China and their relationship with rice production and development, the author made a comprehensive discussion based on the relevant national survey and the results of the last three years. The summary of the results is as follows: 1. Perennial wild rice (Oryza sativa L.) ancestral wild rice has been found in wild rice in the south of China, mainly from Guangdong Province in the east, from Taiwan Province to the south of Yunnan. perennis Moench.) and three species of O. meyeriana Baill. and O. officinalis Wall. The distribution of perennial wild rice in the ancestors of cultivated rice is most prevalent. The perennial wild rice evolved into a cultivated rice species through natural and man-made selection. Due to the difference in geographical distribution and ecological conditions, the two wild rice species differentiated to form two different subspecies in morphological, physiological, biochemical and hybrid affinities, One is indica rice (O. sativa L. subsp. Hsien Ting) which is a basic type of cultivated rice and the other is O.sativa L. subsp. Keng Ting. The late, middle and early rice and the late, middle and early varieties in Indica and japonica rice are the late-rice varieties which are bred by the tropical under the conditions of short day light and high temperature. With the ecological light of each latitude zone Temperature conditions and domestication of the formation of the formation by the various regions to adapt to the light and temperature in various regions of the relationship between the formation of various types of heading at the hereditary. It is most sensitive to short days in the middle and late rice, but Sensitiveness is related to the daily growth rate, but not to the Japanese long-run trend (from short to long or from long to short). Late rice sensibility also maintained its ancestral legacy of the special requirements of the characteristics of high temperature, stronger than the early rice. But early rice?